"Lamia" is a narrative poem written by English poet John Keats.[1]
Believing himself a failure as a poet, Keats asked for his tombstone to read "Here lies one whose name was writ in water". However, he has since become one of the most highly regarded poets of the English language and his works, despite appalling criticism from the contemporary Tory press, have become widely read.
The poem was written in 1819, and comes within Keats' most brilliant period - it was written soon after 'La belle dame sans merci' and his odes on Melancholy, on Indolence, to a Grecian Urn and to a Nightingale and just before arguably his most famous poem, 'Ode to Autumn'. The poem tells how the God Hermes hears of a nymph who is more beautiful than all. Hermes, searching for the nymph, instead comes across a Lamia, trapped in the form of a serpent. She reveals the previously invisible nymph to him and in return he restores her human form. She goes to seek a youth of Corinth, Lycius, while Hermes and his nymph depart together into the woods. The relationship between Lycius and Lamia, however, is destroyed when the sage Apollonius reveals Lamia's true identity at their wedding feast, whereupon she returns to her serpent state and Lycius dies of grief.
The poem had a deep influence on Edgar Allan Poe's sonnet "To Science", specifically lines 229–238 and the discussion of the baleful effects of "cold philosophy":
Do not all charms flyAt the mere touch of cold philosophy?
The tender-person'd Lamia melt into a shade.
There was an awful rainbow once in heaven:
We know her woof, her texture; she is given
In the dull catalogue of common things.
Philosophy will clip an Angel's wings,
Conquer all mysteries by rule and line,
Empty the haunted air, and gnomed mine
Unweave a rainbow, as it erewhile made
Poe's closing lines also echo several lines near the middle of "Lamia".[2] The book Unweaving the Rainbow by Richard Dawkins takes its title from the above-quoted passage: it is an explicit attempt to demonstrate that this view of "cold philosophy" is incorrect and that science reveals, rather than destroys, the true beauty of the natural world.[3] The poem also influenced Edward MacDowell's work, Lamia, Opus 29.